Friday, October 26, 2012

Sandy hits Cuba; 'high impact' likely in Northeast

Hurricane Sandy grew into a major potential threat to the Northeast on Thursday after hammering Cuba's second-largest city and taking aim at the Bahamas.

Strengthening rapidly after tearing into Jamaica and crossing the warm Caribbean Sea, Sandy hit southeastern Cuba early on Thursday with 105-mph winds that cut power, damaged homes and blew over trees across the city of Santiago de Cuba.

The storm has a 90 percent chance of smacking the Northeast and mid-Atlantic early next week with gale-force winds, flooding, heavy rain and maybe even snow, forecasters said Thursday.

"It's going to be a high-impact event," said Bob Oravec, a lead forecaster with the National Weather Service's prediction center. "It has the potential to be a very significant storm with respect to coastal flooding, depending on exactly where it comes in. Power outages are definitely a big threat."

PhotoBlog: Hurricane Sandy blows through the Caribbean

The hurricane part of the storm is likely to come ashore somewhere in New Jersey on Tuesday morning, said forecaster Jim Cisco of the NWS prediction center.

"It's almost a weeklong, five-day, six-day event," Cisco added. "It's going to be a widespread serious storm."

It is also likely to hit during a full moon when tides are near their highest, increasing coastal flooding potential.

Video: Wide area of Northeast threatened (on this page)

And with some trees still leafy and the potential for snow, power outages could last to Election Day, some meteorologists fear.

"It could be a Nor'easter on steroids," NWS meteorologist Robert Thompson told NBC station WHDH-TV in Boston. "It?s got the potential to rival the great Nor'easters of the past depending upon the eventual track it takes."

Nor'easters are powerful storms that come up along the East Coast from the south and then increase in volatility with winds from the northeast. In this case, another storm is expected to move into the Northeast from the Ohio Valley around the same time, adding to the weather mix.

Interactive: Wild Nor?easters explained (on this page)

Sandy will likely be around for the 21st anniversary of the infamous "Perfect Storm" of Oct. 30, 1991, that killed six fishermen, WHDH noted.

Even before any Northeast impact, eastern Florida as well as the Carolinas and mid-Atlantic states will see high winds, heavy surf and potentially beach flooding, weather.com reported.

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said his staff was "getting out the plans" in case evacuations in flood-prone areas were needed, NBCNewYork.com reported.

'City without trees'
In Cuba, the eye of the Category 2 storm came ashore just west of Santiago de Cuba, the country's second largest city with 500,000 people.

Resident Eduardo Gonzalez said he had walked through much of the city and saw many damaged homes, some almost to the point of complete destruction.

A television reporter described Santiago de Cuba as "a city without trees" after so many were uprooted by Sandy.

Officials gave long lists of towns with damage similar to that in Santiago de Cuba and spoke of the need to provide food, clean water and shelter to residents.

In the city of Guantanamo, east of Santiago de Cuba, television showed telephone poles fallen across narrow streets filled with downed cables. Historic buildings in the city center were damaged, reporters said.

Cuban radio reported that one person had been killed in the storm.

Jamaica was struck earlier by the storm when it was still at Category 1 on the five-step Saffir-Simpson hurricane intensity scale.

One person died in Jamaica, and property was damaged across the eastern side of the island. A person also died in Haiti, where Sandy triggered flash floods.

After Cuba, Sandy was passing over the southern Bahamas Thursday, and then through the nation's central and northwest islands overnight.

The massive Atlantis resort went into lockdown mode after dozens of tourists left Paradise Island before the airport closed. The resort is now less than half full, but all its restaurants, casinos and other facilities are still operating.

Other businesses on Paradise Island, where the capital of Nassau is located, remained closed.

In U.S., worse than 1991 'Perfect Storm'?
For the U.S., the threat keeps increasing for "a major impact in the Northeast, New York area," said James Franklin, chief specialist at the National Hurricane Center. "In fact it would be such a big storm that it would affect all of the Northeast."

Cisco noted the 1991 "Perfect Storm" didn't hit as populated an area and is not comparable to what the East Coast might be facing. Nor is it like last year's Halloween storm, which was merely an early snowstorm in the Northeast.

This has much more mess potential because it is a combination of different storm types that could produce a real whopper of weather problems, meteorologists say.

"The 'Perfect Storm' only did $200 million of damage and I'm thinking a billion," said Jeff Masters, meteorology director of the private service Weather Underground. "Yeah, it will be worse."

Masters was somewhat skeptical on Tuesday, giving the storm scenario just a 40 percent likelihood, but on Wednesday he also upped that to 70 percent. The remaining computer models that previously hadn't shown the merger and mega-storm formation now predict a similar scenario.

Related: Northeast utilities gear up for storm
Related: Damage could be worse than Irene, experts say
Related: New England fears repeat of 2011 Halloween storm

The biggest question mark is snow, and that depends on where the remnants of Sandy turn inland. The computer model that has been leading the pack in predicting the system has it hitting around Delaware. But another model has the storm hitting closer to Maine. If it hits Delaware, the chances of snow increase in that region. If it hits farther north, chances for snow in the mid-Atlantic and even up to New York are lessened, Masters said.

Cisco said he could see the equivalent of several inches of snow or rain in the mid-Atlantic, depending on where the storm ends up. In the mountains, snow may be measured in feet instead of inches.

The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/49546844/ns/weather/

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Apple has banner quarter - Know Your Cell











Apple provided another record quarter for the last three months, as the company generated $36 billion in revenues with $8.2 billion in profits thanks to the success of the iPhone and iPad.?

While the iPhone 5?launched at the tail end of Apple's previous quarter, this was the first quarter which really saw the real impact. Overall, Apple sold 26.9 million iPhones for the last three months. With the holidays looming during the next quarter, many believe Apple may be able to sell as many as 40 million iPhones for its next financial period.?

Apple also sold 14 million iPads for its fourth quarter and it has a new lineup for the holiday season. Along with the iPad 4th generation, Apple also recently introduced the iPad mini?and its lower entry-level price may make it an attractive gift option.

Because this wrapped up its fiscal year, we also got a look at how well Apple has done over the last 12 months. The company sold a whopping 125.04 million iPhones and 58.23 million iPads for the last year.?

[Via Apple]

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Source: http://www.knowyourcell.com/news/1650650/apple_sells_269_million_iphone_14_million_ipads_for_q4.html

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Syria government indicates accepts holiday truce: Russia

UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - The government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has indicated to Russia that it will accept U.N.-Arab League peace envoy Lakhdar Brahimi's proposal for a Muslim holiday ceasefire in Syria, Moscow's U.N. envoy said on Wednesday.

"We have had indications that they (Syria's government) are accepting the proposal of Mr. Brahimi," Ambassador Vitaly Churkin told reporters after a closed-door meeting of the 15-nation Security Council during which Brahimi briefed council members via video link from Egypt.

Brahimi told council members that a final announcement Of a ceasefire with rebels was expected Thursday. Churkin seemed to confirm remarks Brahimi made earlier on Wednesday in Cairo, when he said the government had indicated its acceptance of the proposed truce.

The council issued a statement after the meeting supporting the ceasefire, which would begin on Friday and last for several days at least during the Islamic holiday Eid al-Adha, and urging "all regional and international actors to use their influence" to ensure the truce is implemented.

"The members of the Council agreed that an Eid al-Adha ceasefire could be a first step towards a sustainable cessation of all violence," the council said.

After Brahimi spoke to the press in Egypt, the Syrian government appeared to contradict him, saying that its military command was still studying the truce proposal.

"The answer will be announced tomorrow officially speaking," Syrian Ambassador Bashar Ja'afari told reporters. "We have always been part of the solution, not part of the problem."

British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant said Brahimi also contacted the opposition to persuade rebels to accept a temporary truce in the 19-month-old conflict that the United Nations says has killed around 30,000 people.

"He had been in touch with various parts of the opposition," Lyall Grant told reporters. "Certainly the Free Syrian Army and other parts of the opposition had indicated that they were prepared to respond if the government took the first step in initiating the ceasefire over the Eid period."

On the way into the council meeting, Churkin said Moscow hoped Brahimi's plan would be successful.

"We support it very strongly," Churkin said. "We worked very hard in support of Mr. Brahimi in making sure there is a chance that might happen."

Chinese Ambassador Li Baodong echoed Churkin's views.

"Hopefully we will see the truce, and also we want to see a sustainable ... cessation of all violence," Li told reporters after the council session.

The United States and European council members blame Russia, a staunch ally and key arms supplier for Assad's government, and China for the council's deadlock on the 19-month-long conflict. Moscow and Beijing have vetoed three resolutions condemning Assad and reject the idea of sanctioning his government.

U.S. BOOSTS 'NON-LETHAL' AID TO REBELS

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said Washington also would like to see an end to the violence.

"And we'd like to see a political transition take hold and begin," she told reporters in Washington in an appearance with the visiting Brazilian foreign minister. "We've been calling for that for more than a year."

She said the United States was increasing its non-lethal support for the Syrian opposition, including working with local councils inside Syria. She said Washington also was working with its friends and allies to promote more cohesion among the disparate Syrian opposition groups with the aim of producing a new leadership council following meetings scheduled for Doha in the next several weeks.

One envoy said Brahimi also told the Security Council that he needs its "strong and unanimous support."

"Another failure would lead to extreme escalation and spillover to other countries," the diplomat, who was inside the meeting, paraphrased Brahimi as saying.

U.N. human rights chief Navi Pillay also emphasized the need for the council to overcome its impasse on Syria in an address to the 193-nation General Assembly.

"While taking into account important political concerns, it is urgent to find ways to avert the massive loss of civilians and human rights violations," Pillay said.

"International law obliges states to protect their people, and where a state manifestly fails to carry out this obligation, then the international community needs to take urgent and effective measures to protect the Syrian people," she said.

Russia and China have repeatedly said they refuse to condone outside military intervention in Syria such as the NATO operation to protect civilians in Libya last year that led to the overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and his death at the hands of rebels who fought to oust him.

Brahimi told the council there was no longer a single safe place for Syrian civilians in the country and that the army continued to shell indiscriminately, diplomats said. He also spoke of a disregard for humanitarian law and human rights on both sides.

"Executions, kidnapping and arbitrary detentions (by the government) continue," a diplomat cited Brahimi as saying.

(Additional reporting by Andrew Quinn in Washington; Editing by Vicki Allen and Jackie Frank)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/syria-government-indicates-accepts-holiday-truce-russia-063637750.html

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Sunday, October 14, 2012

In the bacterial world of your mouth, nurture wins out over nature

Saturday, October 13, 2012

The human mouth is home to a teeming community of microbes, yet still relatively little is known about what determines the specific types of microorganisms that live there. Is it your genes that decide who lives in the microbial village, or is it your environment? In a study published online in Genome Research (www.genome.org), researchers have shown that environment plays a much larger role in determining oral microbiota than expected, a finding that sheds new light on a major factor in oral health.

Our oral microbiome begins to take shape as soon as we are born and sees a myriad of bacteria introduced to our mouth during childhood and later in life, yet little is known about whether nature (your genes) or nurture (your environment) has a stronger influence. Because of variations in the oral microbiome in both health and diseases like bacteremia and endocarditis, understanding the determinants of oral microbiota communities might lead to better prevention and treatment strategies.

In this study, a team of researchers from the University of Colorado sequenced the microbial DNA present in the saliva samples of a cohort of twins, and matched the DNA sequences in a database to determine which types of bacteria were present in each individual. In their data set, they utilized samples that were gathered over a decade of adolescence from the same individuals to observe how the salivary microbiome changes with time.

By comparing the salivary microbiomes of identical twins, who share the same genetic make-up and live in a common environment, the group found that their salivary microbiomes were not significantly more similar than the salivary microbiota of fraternal twins, who share only half of their genes, suggesting genetic relatedness is not as important as environment. "The conclusion that genetic relatedness plays at most only a small role in microbial relatedness was really a surprise," said Dr. Ken Krauter, senior author of the study.

"We were also intrigued to see that the microbiota of twin pairs becomes less similar once they moved apart from each other," added Simone Stahringer, first author of the study, explaining further evidence for the influence of environment on oral microbiota. Interestingly, in the samples obtained from the same individuals over time, they found that the salivary microbiome changed the most during early adolescence, between the ages of 12 and 17. This suggests that factors such as puberty or prominent behavioral changes at this age might be important.

Krauter explained that their work uncovered another unexpected finding, that there is a core community of bacteria that are present in nearly all humans studied. "Though there are definitely differences among different people, there is a relatively high degree of sharing similar microbial species in all human mouths."

The authors suggested that this report has established a framework for future studies of the factors that influence oral microbial communities. "With broad knowledge of the organisms to expect to find in mouths," said Krauter, "we can now better understand how oral hygiene, environmental exposure to substances like alcohol, methamphetamines and even foods we eat affect the balance of microbes."

###

Stahringer SS, Clemente JC, Corley RP, Hewitt J, Knights D, Walters WA, Knight R, Krauter KS. Nurture trumps nature in a longitudinal survey of salivary bacterial communities in twins from early adolescence to early adulthood. Genome Res doi: 10.1101/gr.140608.112.

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: http://www.cshl.org

Thanks to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 98 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/124444/In_the_bacterial_world_of_your_mouth__nurture_wins_out_over_nature

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Bahrain king blasts 'foreign' links in unrest

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Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest Morons [Lifehacker Top 10]

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsAnyone who's spent a few minutes on the internet can tell you its full of unsavory folk. Some are jerks that incite arguments and hate, while others could be our best friends that just don't know how to handle themselves on Facebook. Whatever the case, here are our top 10 tips for dealing with less considerate internet citizens.

10. Learn to Spot Fake Product Reviews

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsOnline shopping is awesome, particularly because of the ability to read reviews on any given product before you buy. Some people are upstanding folk and leave good, well thought-out reviews?but some product manufacturers leave their own fake reviews to try and inflate their product's rating. So how can you spot the fake reviews from the real ones? It isn't as hard as you think: extremely positive language is often a good indicator, as is overuse of first-person comments. Check out this list of things to watch out for, as well as some of the new techniques manufacturers have been employing. Hopefully, armed with the right knowledge, you won't get duped.

9. Destroy Cheaters in Online Games

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsIf you've ever played video games online, you probably already know to just turn off your headset unless you want to hear loads of prepubescent racial slurs. But what about the gamers that take it a step further and actually cheat? The best you can do as a player is report cheaters to the moderators of your chosen server. However, you can also make sure you're playing on a server that makes use of anti-cheating measures like Valve's Anti-Cheat System or PunkBuster (some games will even require it to play on their official servers). Just remember that if you're getting owned by a specific player, it doesn't mean they're cheating. Before you go accusing people, make sure you don't just suck first.

8. Avoid Getting Tricked by Scammers

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsOnline scammers are always coming up with new ways to try and trick you into opening your wallet, and the only way to avoid it is to recognize the signs. Most of you already know the obvious tips: don't ever give out your password, don't buy anything from an email you didn't ask for, and don't click any links from your bank or financial institution?type in the address yourself. For the more advanced, check out this list of browser tweaks that can help you out. If you're buying or selling stuff on a site like eBay or Craigslist, you'll need to be extra vigilant since you're dealing directly with other people. Check out our guides to avoiding scams when buying or selling, as well as how to avoid getting duped on Craigslist.

7. Filter Annoying Email Forwards

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsSome of your spammy email may not be scammers at all, but some of your closest friends and relatives. If you're sick of getting every joke, political rant, and cat picture that your aunt Bertha finds funny, you can set up a simple email filter to avoid them. Of course, before you go to such drastic measures, you should probably ask them to stop and explain why it's bad etiquette, but if they won't hear you out, this is a simple and effective solution.

6. Stop the Spread of Malware

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsThe tech savvy users among you might be good at avoiding malware?you don't click on suspicious links from your friends, you run good antivirus software, and so on. Unfortunately, your less savvy friends probably don't realize when they've spread malware, or how to stop it, and that's where you come in. You may not be able to deal with the moron that wrote the malware, but you can stop the spread by helping your less tech-savvy friend. Help them clean up their computer, and use that opportunity to teach them how to best avoid malware. Remember that you aren't the only one getting suspicious links from them?if you can help one person avoid getting tricked, you can help their entire contact list from getting future links.

5. Block Offensive Internet Comments

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsEvery site has its fair share of assclowns, but some sites are known for having downright useless comment sections (I'm looking at you, YouTube). Luckily, you can clean up those sites with a few well-placed browser extensions. Comment Snob, for example, lets you filter out certain words, comments in all caps, excessive punctuation, profanity, and other annoyances, while CommentBlocker just gets rid of a site's comments altogether. It's up to you how heavily you want to block comments, but it's a great way to avoid the stuff that gets your blood boiling.

4. Handle the Crazies on Facebook on Twitter

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsWhether they're anonymous subscribers or your best friends, sometimes discussions on Facebook and Twitter can get out of hand. If one of your friends or followers is really ticking you off, we've shared a few strategies for dealing with them?whether it's defusing the situation with humor or politely telling them to shut up. If you want to take more drastic measures, you can filter out posts containing certain words, which is particularly useful during election season. Intelligent discussion is great...but "I'm moving to Canada" posts are just annoying.

3. Learn to Argue Without Bringing Out the Worst in People

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsSometimes you just can't help yourself, and you get into an argument with someone on the internet. As bad an idea as this is, there are some things you can do to avoid coming off as a troll (and thus avoid bringing out the troll in everyone else). You can also try and sound like you know what you're talking about even when you don't, but on the internet, that's a recipe for disaster, and you'll lose an already impossible-to-win argument. When you realize you've made a mistake, be sure to read up on how to get out of an argument with an irrational person. You'll need it.

2. Keep Hackers at Bay with Good Security

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsSometimes it seems like everyone's out to get you online, and even if you aren't falling for phishing schemes and other scams, someone can always hack into your accounts. Strong passwords aren't enough to keep them out, either?you'll need to make sure you've protected yourself on all sides in addition to having a strong, unique password for every site. Read up on our best security practices for more information. Even if you find security inconvenient, there's a lot you can do to keep yourself protected.

1. Just Stop Caring About Trolls and Get On With Your Life

Top 10 Ways to Deal with the Internet's Biggest MoronsThe absolute best way to avoid the leagues of morons on the internet?particularly the troll variety?is to just ignore them. They aren't attacking you, they're attacking boredom, and they're hardly worth the energy of even engaging, particularly because that's exactly what they want. If you get locked in, you can weasel your way out with dignity, but the more you realize they aren't worth the effort, the happier you'll be.

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/HP6arotVBug/top-10-ways-to-deal-with-the-morons-of-the-internet

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BAI Signals new rules to govern advertising of food and drink in ...

The BAI has, today (12th October), announced the outcomes of a public consultation undertaken on the rules to be applied to the advertising of High Fat, Salt and Sugar (HFSS) food and drink to children. The rules will come into effect on July 1st 2013 and will apply to all radio and television broadcasters regulated in the Republic of Ireland. In this regard

  • The BAI has decided to adopt the rule proposed in the Draft General Commercial Communications Code in respect of HFSS food and drink. In this regard, no more than 25 per cent of advertising sold by a broadcaster can be for HFSS food and drink. In addition, no more than one in four adverts included in any advertising break can be for HFSS food and drink.
  • The BAI has agreed to adopt the Nutrient Profiling Model as proposed in its recent consultation. This model will be used to determine whether a food or drink being advertised is one that is high in fat, salt or sugar and subject to additional regulation by the BAI.

Upon the recommendation of the Department of Health, advertisements and other commercial communications for cheese will be exempted from the model. This means that the rules being introduced by the BAI and applying to HFSS food and drink will not apply to advertisements for cheese. Instead, the BAI is adopting the recommendation of the Department of Health that adverts for cheese will include an on-screen message indicating the recommended maximum daily consumption limit for cheese.

  • The BAI has decided to adopt the rules proposed in the Draft Children?s Commercial Communications Code in respect to the HFSS food and drink. These rules state that commercial communications for HFSS food and drink shall not be permitted in children?s programmes as defined by the Code.

In addition, content rules will apply to commercial communications for HFSS food and drink that are broadcast outside of children?s programmes but which are directed at children. Such communications shall not:

- ? ? ? ? ? Include celebrities or sports stars;

-?????????? Include programme characters e.g. Peppa Pig;

-?????????? Include licensed characters e.g. characters and personalities from cinema releases;

-?????????? Contain health or nutrition claims;

-?????????? Include promotional offers;

Food and drink restricted by the new rules
The following are some of the types of food and drink whose promotion to children will be restricted:

  • Potato crisps
  • Most breakfast cereals;
  • Biscuits and cakes;
  • Confectionery;
  • French fries;
  • Most pizzas;
  • Mayonnaise;
  • Cola and other carbonated sweetened drinks;
  • Most sausages and burgers;
  • Butter and margarine;
  • Sweetened milkshakes and sweetened fruit juices.

Advertisements for the above food and drink will not be permitted in children?s programmes.

Advertisements for these products and services that are broadcast outside of children?s programme and are directed at children will be required to comply with the content rules.

?

Source: http://iapi.com/blog/2012/10/bai-signals-new-rules-to-govern-advertising-of-food-and-drink-in-childrens-advertising/

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Saturday, October 13, 2012

Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 1,4/35

  • Pros

    Very fast aperture. Sharp optics. Excellent build quality.

  • Cons Expensive. Heavy. Manual focus only.
  • Bottom Line

    The Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 1,4/35 lens is optically superb, but is expensive and doesn't support autofocus.

By Jim Fisher

The Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 1,4/35 ($1,843 list) ?is a fast wide-angle optic, available for Nikon and Canon D-SLR cameras. The full-frame lens is priced at a premium?it sells for more than equivalent autofocus lenses from Canon and Nikon, but is extremely sharp throughout its aperture range and displays very little barrel distortion. It is heavy at 1.9 pounds and fairly large for a prime lens at 4.8 by 3.1 inches (HD). ?It supports 72mm filters.

The lens can focus on objects as close to 11.8 inches. This lets you work pretty close to your subject. You can fill the frame with a smaller object, or if you shoot at a wider aperture like f/1.4 you can seriously blur the background behind your subject. There are nine aperture blades, which create smooth out of focus highlights when the lens is stopped down just a little bit.

I used Imatest to measure the lens's sharpness when paired with the Nikon D600. Its resolution is impressive, even at f/1.4, where it exceeds the 1,800 lines per picture height?scoring 2,243 lines. Stopping the lens down improves the resolution?by f/2.8 it hits 2,700 lines, it nears the 3,000-line mark at f/5.6 and exceeds it at f/8. The lens does exhibit 1.4 percent barrel distortion, which gives a slight curve to straight lines. This amount of distortion is fairly easy to correct in Photoshop or Lightroom.

If you're willing?or prefer to?focus manually, the Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 1,4/35 will reward you with some compelling images. It's extremely sharp, even at its widest aperture. Opening it up all the way makes it possible to shoot in very low light, and to separate your subject from the background. The lens isn't inexpensive, but if you've got the money, you won't be disappointed with its image quality.

More Digital Camera Reviews:
??? Carl Zeiss Planar T* 1,4/50
??? Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 1,4/35
??? Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 2,8/15
??? Carl Zeiss Distagon T* 2/25
??? Nikon AF-S Nikkor 28mm f/1.8G
?? more

Jim Fisher By Jim Fisher Analyst, Digital Cameras

Jim Fisher is the digital camera analyst for the PCMag consumer electronics reviews team. He is a graduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he concentrated on documentary video production. Jim's interest in photography really...

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Cream Is a Beautiful News Reader for Mac that Brings the Best Stories to the Top Automatically [Mac Downloads]

Cream Is a Beautiful News Reader for Mac that Brings the Best Stories to the Top Automatically OS X: Cream is an RSS News Reader for the Mac that's a feature-rich feed reader in its own right, but what makes it really special is that the app knows which stories are the best and most worth your time reading and floats them to the top so you can go through them first. As they say, "the cream rises."

Cream offers one-click import from Google Reader, and its method for determining which articles and feeds are "creamier" than others is impressive: the app watches as you scan, read, ignore stories, even within a particular feed. That means that Cream not only can float the feeds you like to the top, but the specific types of stories from those feeds to the top?so if you like Android posts over iOS posts in your Lifehacker feed, for example, Cream learns this and shows you what you want read first.

Cream Is a Beautiful News Reader for Mac that Brings the Best Stories to the Top Automatically At any time, you can switch between a list of the "creamiest" stories, all feeds organized alphabetically, or all feeds organized by date. Like any good feed reader, you can see everything, just unread feeds, and unseen feeds that have come in since the last update. Click any story to open it in a pop-up panel on the right or open it in your default browser. If you see a long article and want to save it to Pocket, Instapaper, or Readability, Cream supports all of these things.

When testing Cream, the only downside I noted is that while importing feeds from Google Reader is easy, Cream doesn't sync with Reader, so as you read stories they're not marked as read upstream. I asked Cream's developer about this, and he noted that Cream was designed to be a supplementary tool to your main news reader so you can quickly see the newest and best stories you don't want to miss?with the assumption that you'll use another app to clear them out later, and if you use Cream exclusively, you may not notice anyway.

In any event, Cream is $5 in the Mac App Store, and worth a look if you're looking for an alternative to our favorite news reader for Mac, NetNewsWire, or my personal favorite, Reeder.

Cream ($5) | iTunes App Store

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/I0uqNMNAVmw/cream-is-a-beautiful-news-reader-for-mac-that-brings-the-best-stories-to-the-top-automatically

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Friday, October 12, 2012

Italy court rules pay cuts for state high earners are illegal

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Thursday, October 11, 2012

Video: Obama Camp Bets on Biden

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/49381970/

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Sweeping X-ray imaging survey of dying stars is 'uncharted territory'

ScienceDaily (Oct. 10, 2012) ? The death throes of dying stars are the focus of a sweeping new survey using NASA's Chandra X-ray satellite observatory.

More than two dozen astronomers have aligned their research goals to use Chandra to image a set of dying stars in the neighborhood of the Sun. The resulting X-ray images of these dying stars -- called planetary nebulae -- are shedding light on the violent "end game" of a Sun-like star's life.

The research team, led by Joel Kastner from Rochester Institute of Technology, won seven days of observing time with Chandra in 2011-12 to survey and image nearly two dozen relatively nearby planetary nebulae, resulting in the most comprehensive X-ray survey to date for such objects.

The same team recently won an eight-day time award with Chandra to continue its observing program, and will begin collecting new X-ray data later this year.

Both the previous and upcoming series of observations are part of the Chandra X-ray Survey of Planetary Nebulae (ChanPlaNS). Leaders in planetary nebula astronomy from seven countries joined forces to win the large Chandra observing time awards.

A planetary nebula is a dying star (recently a "red giant") that has cast off its outer layers. The newly exposed, hot core of the star (which will eventually become a "white dwarf" star) illuminates these ejected layers, while the core's fast winds sculpt the material into a variety of shapes. The resulting dazzling objects, bearing names like Cat's Eye, Lemon Slice and Blue Snowball, are favorite targets of optical and near-infrared telescopes.

"Planetary nebulae have provided astrophysicists with dying star 'laboratories' for more than a century," Kastner says. "They provide test beds for theories of stellar evolution and give us insight into the origin of heavy elements in the universe and on Earth. Yet we still don't fully understand why they take on such a dazzling variety of shapes."

The widespread debate among astrophysicists concerning the planetary nebula shaping process led Kastner and postdoctoral fellow Rodolfo Montez Jr. to organize their colleagues to request a large allocation of X-ray satellite observing time to investigate the processes of stellar death and wind collisions in X-rays.

"An X-ray survey of this kind is completely uncharted territory in the planetary nebula world," Kastner adds. "Astronomers working in this area agreed that we need large quantities of time to look at as many planetary nebulae as possible, specifically with Chandra."

His team is using X-ray imaging to look "under the hood" of planetary nebulae. X-rays cut through the illuminated gas and dust, allowing astronomers to investigate the last tens of thousands of years of history of the dying star that threw off its outer sheaths.

"With Chandra's exceptional 'X-ray vision,' we can detect the million-degree plasma inside the discarded shells and probe the energies of the stellar winds that shape them," Kastner says.

In the initial phase of the project, the team collected data for 35 planetary nebulae -- 21 previously unobserved and 14 pulled from Chandra archival data -- all within roughly 5,000 light years of the Sun. The recent award will bump the study to a total of 59 objects from among the roughly 120 planetary nebulae identified within this distance.

"Because they all just happen to lie relatively nearby, we think this group of objects is fairly representative of planetary nebulae in general," Kastner says.

The findings will give theorists material to refine models describing mechanisms that shape planetary nebulae, especially the potential influence of a stellar or even a planetary companion to the dying star.

"The ChanPlaNS study provides fresh new insights into the last, dying gasps of stars like the Sun," Kastner says. "We expect it will clarify what planetary nebulae can tell us about binary star astrophysics and stellar wind interactions."

Early findings from the study include:

* The collision of the fast wind from the exposed core with the ejected atmosphere causes shock waves that produce the diffuse X-ray emission seen in about 30% of the full sample (and in the four provided images). The Chandra survey data shows that most planetary nebulae with diffuse X-ray emission have sharp-rimmed shells that were ejected less than 5,000 years ago; these compact inner shells are surrounded by fainter halos of material ejected tens of thousands of years earlier.

* About half of the planetary nebulas in the Chandra study show point-like X-ray sources at their central stars. Many of these point sources show high-energy X-rays that may emanate from a previously undetected companion to the central star. This supports theories asserting that double stars are responsible for the nonspherical shapes of many planetary nebulas.

These and other results from the initial phase of the project were reported in the August issue of The Astronomical Journal. Kastner and Montez are the lead authors of the paper, entitled "The Chandra X-ray Survey of Planetary Nebulae (CHANPLaNS): Probing Binarity, Magnetic Fields and Wind Collisions." Montez, one of the first recipients of a Ph.D. from RIT's Astrophysical Sciences and Technology, is now a postdoctoral fellow at Vanderbilt University.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/jod3RhBE13g/121010141448.htm

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Physical Fitness Tips For Senior Citizens | Natural Holistic Health Blog

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Physical fitness tips for seniorsThe baby boomers are the largest generation in this country?s history.

But did you know that the first of this generation reached the age of 65 in 2011?

So as the baby boomers turn into senior citizens, there will be a growing emphasis on physical fitness for seniors as the senior population explodes.

And the sad part is that these baby boomers, for the most part, have been so involved with building a career, raising a family and paying their kids? college education that they have let their health slip.

Thankfully, even making small changes now can have a significant impact on your health and quality of life ? so it?s definitely not too late to begin!

So for those of you who are about to turn 65, or may have already, and are starting to feel the effects on your health and want to regain your strength, youth and vigor, here are a few simple steps that you can perform that, when mixed with discipline, will give you the results you are seeking.

Get a complete physical: This is step 1

You need an honest appraisal of your health with your doctor to determine what your current condition is. From this, you will learn not only what your current medical condition is [ie: if you are diabetic, high blood pressure, need to lose weight, etc.] but also have a conversation with your doctor to find out some of the weight loss tips you will need to follow in order to get in shape.

Most importantly, if ANYTHING that I say here contradicts what your doctor says, please listen to your doctor.

Step 2: Start walking

I am rather certain that you will be encouraged to exercise, and I will be discussing other options in a minute, but start by walking 30 minutes a day. Make this an absolute. No matter what you do, get the 30 minutes of walking in daily.

How quick should you walk? Don?t start with a dedicated ?I will walk 4 mph? mentality. Instead, start with the attitude that you will walk hard enough so that it is difficult to carry on a conversation but you are not out of breath, and build to the point where you can walk a mile in 15 minutes, maintaining that 4 mph average speed.

Step 3: Remember that exercise doesn?t have to mean working out

Below are a few items that will give you a workout without ?working out?.

? Gardening
? Dancing
? Playing with your grandchildren
? Yard work
? Washing your car
? Home remodeling

All of these will get your heartbeat up without you going to the gym.

Step 4: Strength training

This is probably going to be tip that gets me the most resistance, especially from the women. But just hear me out for a minute.

The key to losing weight and regaining your health is to increase your metabolism so that you burn more calories when you are not working out. And the only way to effectively do this, as I said, is to speed up your metabolism. To do this in a natural and holistic fashion, there is one way to accomplish this, to add muscle to your frame.

Now, I am not suggesting to anyone here that they have to start lifting heavy weights or compete in the World?s Strongest Man competition. Quite the contrary, I am suggesting that you develop the discipline to do 20-30 minutes of resistance band and body weight workouts, from home, 2-3 days a week. Done properly, if you do resistance band exercises from home, you will be able to obtain the same workout without having to go to the gym.

Step 5: Yoga

This one the guys will resist, but don?t knock it until you have tried it. It promotes strength, flexibility and endurance. And because it is a very low impact workout it is great for people with joint problems.

Step 6: Explore other avenues of cardiovascular endurance

If you are bored with walking, especially if you do it on the treadmill at the gym, here are a few alternatives for you.

? Elliptical machine [cross country skiing]
? Step machine
? Swimming
? Step aerobics
? Kickboxing
? Rowing machine, etc?

There are plenty of options for you to choose from to get your heartbeat up. The choice is up to you. Find something you like and start moving.

Step 7: Eating right

I will mention it here even though your doctor probably talked to you about changing your diet and adding less processed foods at your physical. Make sure to listen to your doctor?s recommendations regarding your intake of sugar and salt, as well as saturated fat that can raise your cholesterol.

It is difficult to even begin thinking about getting fit and starting an exercise program if movement causes pain. There are natural remedies which can help with joint mobility and help ease the pain of arthritis conditions. JointEase Plus is the natural herbal formula for arthritis and joint-related problems that we recommend.

JointEase provides relief from painful joint conditions, lower back ache; any form of arthritis, fibrositis, myalgia or rheumatism; degenerative musculo-skeletal conditions. JointEase, which is formulated by a Clinical Psychologist, is a natural alternative to prescription anti-inflammatory drugs and manufactured to the highest pharmaceutical standards.

About the author:

Tony Rovere became an advocate for senior citizens and senior-health issues after having to deal with the complexities of the Medicaid process following his mother?s heart attack.

He now shared his insights on caregiving and senior issues at his blog, Stuff Seniors Need, which was created to help not only senior citizens but the baby boomers who are now their caregivers.


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Source: http://www.natural-holistic-health.com/physical-fitness-tips-senior-citizens/

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Wednesday, October 10, 2012

Video: More on October 9: Unmasking moderate Mitt

Front line for meningitis outbreak: the ER

Headache. Stiff neck. Dizziness. Fever. The symptoms could describe anyone with a range of ills, from migraine to the flu, but they're also the defining symptoms for the ongoing outbreak of rare fungal meningitis, and they're making trouble for some emergency room doctors.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036697/vp/49349989#49349989

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Ibanez 9th-inning HR leaves Yanks, O's tied 2-all

New York Yankees' Raul Ibanez hits a home run during the ninth inning of Game 3 of the Yankees' American League division baseball series against the Baltimore Orioles on Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, in New York. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)

New York Yankees' Raul Ibanez hits a home run during the ninth inning of Game 3 of the Yankees' American League division baseball series against the Baltimore Orioles on Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, in New York. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)

New York Yankees' Raul Ibanez hits a solo home run to tie the game in the ninth inning in Game 3 of the American League division baseball series against the Baltimore Orioles on Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, in New York. The Orioles catcher is Matt Wieters and the umpire is Brian Gorman. (AP Photo/Peter Morgan)

New York Yankees' Raul Ibanez follows through on a home run as Baltimore Orioles catcher Matt Wieters watches during the ninth inning of Game 3 of the American League division baseball series Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, in New York. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)

Baltimore Orioles' Manny Machado runs the bases after hitting a home run during the fifth inning against the New York Yankees in Game 3 of the American League division baseball series, Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, in New York. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)

Baltimore Orioles' Ryan Flaherty runs the bases after hitting a home run during the third inning of Game 3 of the Orioles' American League division baseball series against the New York Yankees, Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2012, in New York. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)

(AP) ? Raul Ibanez homered as a pinch hitter for Alex Rodriguez in the ninth inning, and the New York Yankees and Baltimore Orioles were tied 2-all going to the 11th Wednesday night in Game 3 of their AL division series.

With the best-of-five series tied at 1, Baltimore and reliever Jim Johnson were two outs from taking control. But with Rodriguez 1 for 12 with no RBIs and seven strikeouts, Yankees manager Joe Girardi sent up Ibanez, who lined a 94 mph pitch into the right-field seats.

It was the first time Rodriguez had ever been pinch-hit for in a postseason game, according to STATS LLC.

Orioles rookie Miguel Gonzalez had allowed one run and five hits in seven innings with eight strikeouts and a walk. Ryan Flaherty and Manny Machado, the bottom two hitters in Baltimore's batting order, hit solo home runs off Hiroki Kuroda.

Coming in, the Orioles were 76-0 this year when leading after seven innings. They had also won 16 extra-inning games.

Flaherty homered with one out in the third and the 20-year-old Machado connected leading off the fifth, becoming the second-youngest player to homer in a postseason game. In between, Derek Jeter tied the score with an RBI triple in the third, a drive just past a bubble-blowing center fielder Adam Jones. Jeter, limping because of a sore ankle, came out after eight innings.

Jayson Nixon, who replaced Jeter, flied out to the left-field warning track against Brian Matusz in the 11th.

Taken by the Orioles from the Chicago Cubs in December's winter meetings draft of unprotected players, Flaherty connected on an 82 mph slider from Kuroda for Baltimore's first postseason home run since 1997. It was just the second at-bat of the series for Flaherty, who platoons with Robert Andino at second base.

Machado's home run, also off a slider, landed in Baltimore's bullpen in left-center. Atlanta's Andruw Jones, who was 19 years, 180 days when he homered in 1996, is the only player younger than Machado (20 years, 96 days) with a postseason home run.

Jeter tied the score with a drive deep to right-center. Adam Jones, a blowing a big, pink bubble as he tried to track it down, didn't anticipate it tailing to right as much as it did. The ball dropped just beyond the All-Star's outstretched glove as he crashed into the wall.

Gonzalez, a 28-year-old rookie released by Boston in December, started the season in the minor leagues and made his first major league start on July 6. He went 9-4 with a 3.25 ERA.

Kuroda, making his first postseason start in three years, gave up five hits in the first six innings, walked none and struck out two and hit two batters. The 37-year-old veteran of 11 seasons in Japan, is completing his fifth year in the big leagues and first with the Yankees. He was 16-11 with a 3.32 ERA and won his final two regular-season starts after struggling for much of the second half.

In Game 4 on Thursday night, Phil Hughes (16-13) starts for the Yankees. The Orioles had not decided between lefty Joe Saunders (9-13) or righty Chris Tillman (9-3).

Nate McLouth led off the game with a single to right but J.J. Hardy flied out and McLouth was caught stealing at second by Martin. McLouth reached the base in time but Jeter slapped him on the back of his left leg, pushing McLouth off the base. Orioles manager Buck Showalter argued unsuccessfully with second base umpire Mike Everitt.

Nick Swisher, who had been 0 for 6 with five strikeouts against Gonzalez, singled up the middle with one out in the second to become New York's first baserunner. Mark Teixeira, who had been 4 for 8 in the opening two games, bounced into a 3-6-3 double play.

Russell Martin hit a one-hop double off the left-field wall leading off the bottom of third. Martin advanced when Eric Chavez grounded sharply to first as Mark Reynolds made a diving stop. After Jeter's first triple since August 2011, Ichiro Suzuki flied out to center.

Baltimore loaded the bases in the fourth when Chris Davis walked leading off, Jones singled and Reynolds was hit by a pitch on the left forearm with two outs, but Flaherty hit a comebacker.

NOTES: Injured Yankees closer Mariano Rivera threw out the ceremonial first pitch.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-10-10-BBA-ALDS-Orioles-Yankees/id-c62e1f9157154435830f22c87d01f082

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Monday, October 8, 2012

Romney to propose new sanctions on Iran, new help for Syrian rebels (cbsnews)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/253870179?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Minnesota Twins - Intern, Baseball Communications

Requirements:
  • Bachelor's Degree in Communications, Journalism or a related field
  • Experience in a Sports Information Department
  • Familiarity with Major League Baseball
  • Proficiency using Adobe Creative Suite (InDesign, Photoshop, Bridge, etc)
  • Above average written and verbal communication skills
  • Published writing samples
  • Ability to work long hours especially during homestands

Assist with Baseball Communications/Publications/Photography duties. Responsible for pulling game statistics and distributing game-day information to media members covering the event.? Pull newspaper clips each day and distribute to media.? Assist in writing daily game notes, answer phones and take media ticket orders.? Prepare daily credential requests and update database as needed.? Provide Baseball department and coaching staff with information as requested.? Also assist in collecting information for club publications, including yearbook, media guide, magazine and scorecard.? Work with Baseball Communications staff to create, edit and help design the regular and postseason media guide and all other publications.? Write feature stories for publications and provide creative ideas and vision for editorial concepts.? Assist in processing and cataloging all business and action related photography for the club.?

Time Commitment:?Jan 2013 through Nov 2013

40 hours/week

Source: http://www.mnprjobs.com/2012/10/minnesota-twins-intern-baseball.html

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Legal Theory Blog: Legal Theory Lexicon: Vagueness and Ambiguity

Introduction

This week the?Legal Theory Lexicon?entry focuses on "ambiguity" and "vagueness"--two important concepts for the theory of interpretation.? Some legal texts are ambiguous--they can have two or more distinct meanings.? And some legal texts are vague--they use concepts that have indefinite application to particular cases.? And some legal texts are both vague and ambiguous--they have multiple meanings, some (or all) of which have indefinite applications.? Because "vagueness" and "ambiguity" are basic concepts in the theory of interpretation, its important to master each of them and to understand the difference between them.

As always, this entry in the?Legal Theory Lexicon?is aimed at law students, especially first year law students, with an interest in legal theory.

Vagueness??

What does it mean to say that a concept, term, or phrase is vague?? Let's start with some examples and then try for an elucidation of the concept.? "Tall" is a good example of a vague concept.? Some humans are definitely not tall--Danny DeVito, for example.? Others definitely are tall--Shaquille O'Neal, for one.? But the term "tall" is vague.? 5'11 is almost definitely tall for a woman in the United Sates, but might be a borderline case for men.? "Tall" is not the sort of quality for which there are definite criteria that sort the world into "tall" things and "not tall" things.? In other words, "tall" is vague.

There are lot's of terms that are like tall: short, strong, weak, beautiful, ugly, heavy, light, warm, and cool--all of these are terms that seem to have borderline cases.? And that is one way that we might define vagueness.? A term is vague, we might say, if and only if it has borderline cases.? A term is not vague just in case it has no borderline cases.

As you might guess, the fact of vagueness creates a variety of issues in the philosophy of language.? Is vagueness built into the fabric of the universe?? Or is vagueness merely a feature of the imprecision of human language?? Is vagueness a property of things?? Or is it a property of our knowledge of things?? We won't worry about these deep questions.? For the purposes of this rough and ready introduction, it is sufficient simply to see that there are such problems and that a philosophical theory of vagueness should propose to answers to them or show that they aren't true problems at all.

Ambiguity??

What about "ambiguity"?? A concept, term, or phrase is ambiguous if it has more than one meaning.? Take "cool" for example.? One meaning of "cool" has to do with temperature, and in this sense, "cool" contrasts with "warm," "cold," and "hot."? Another meaning of "cool" has to do with fashion and social attractiveness.? And there are other senses of cool as well, as in, he kept his cool in a very pressured situation.

In a particular context, the meaning of an ambiguous term may be clear.? With just a bit more context, the sentence "He's one cool dude" is likely to refer to social attractiveness and not temperature.? But in some contexts, the ambiguity may be difficult to resolve: "The mojito is a cool drink" could refer either to the fact that mojitos are served chilled or to the fact that mojitos are fashionable and popular among some social groups.

And this last example, "cool" can be used to illustrate the fact that the same term can be both vague and ambiguous in the same context.? If I say, "Bring me a cool drink!", my utterance may be both ambiguous--do I mean fashionable or coldish?--and vague--how far below room temperature is "cool" or are mojitos still "cool" or are they "out of style"?

Interpretation of Vague or Ambiguous Texts?

Now that we have a basic grasp of vagueness and ambiguity, we are in a position to see that each of these two concepts has a role to play in a theory of the interpretation of legal texts.

Many legal texts are vague.? In fact, most law students become very familiar with a variety of vague terms early in their law school careers.? Take "reasonable"--was the tort defendant's conduct "reasonable" under the circumstances?? There will be clear cases of unreasonable conduct: driving 150 mph in a residential area.? But there will also be borderline cases.? Was it reasonable to drive at 55 mph in a light fog?

Some legal language general, abstract, and vague.? For example, the phrase "equal protection" in the 14th amendment of the United States Constitution might refer to a very general and abstract idea of equality.? Given this generality and abstraction, it might be that the "borderline" cases seem to make up the whole of equal protection doctrine.? What would count as a clear example of "equal" or of "unequal"?? In a common law system, general and abstract language may be translated into relatively more particular and concrete rules through case-by-case adjudication.

Vagueness is ubiquitous in the law, and frequently legal actors (courts and others who apply the law) must resolve borderline cases. ?Every law student is familiar with the strategies that are employed, which include case-by-case balancing tests, supplementary doctrines that provide bright-line rules to implement vague legal texts, and so forth.

Ambiguity may be less common, because many potentially ambiguous terms or phrases are disambiguated by context.? "Seizure" can refer to a physical taking or it can refer to a medical symptom, but in the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, it is clear that the correct meaning is the former rather than the latter.

Relationship to the Interpretation-Construction Distinction

The distinction between vagueness and ambiguity is related to?the interpretation-construction distinction--discussed in a separate entry in the?Legal Theory Lexicon.? Roughly, the distinction is that?interpretation?of a text aims at recovering its linguistic meaning or semantic content.?Construction?involves the "tranlation" of the semantic content into legal content: we we construe a legal text we formulating legal rules that enable application of the text to particular cases.

Interpretation and Ambiguity--In many cases, problems of interpretation involve?ambiguity: a legal text uses a word with more than one meaning and the interpreter looks to context to resolve the ambiguity.

Construction and Vagueness--But when a text is vague, it is usually the case that interpretation cannot resolve the vagueness.??Why not?? Because interpretation only can take us as far as the meaning of the text: if the linguistic meaning is vague, then something else will be required if we must apply the text to a particular case.? Construction allows legal actors (e.g., judges) to devise a supplementary rule or procedure that resolves the vagueness.? Thus, a legal text may supply a vague standard ("freedom of speech"), but construction may yield a more particular rule ("no prior restraints").? (There is a?Lexicon?entry on?rules, standards, and principles.)

Conclusion

"Vagueness" and "ambiguity" are important concepts in the theory of legal interpretation generally, and as a consequence, they are important to constitutional theory and the theory of statutory interpretation.? I hope this?Lexicon?entry has clarified the distinction between these two concepts.

Related Lexicon Entries

Resources on the Internet

Bibliography

  • Timothy A.O. Endicott,?Vagueness in Law??(Oxford University Press, 2001)
  • Cuts and Clouds: Vaguenesss, its Nature and its Logic??(Richard Dietz & Sebastiano Moruzzi eds., Oxford Press, 2010).
  • Vagueness: A Reader??(Rosanna Keefe & Peter Smith eds., MIT Press, 1999)
  • Timothy Williamson,?<Vagueness (Problems of Philosophy) New Edition by Williamson, Timothy published by Routledge Paperback??(Routledge, 1996)
  • Israel Scheffler,?Beyond the Letter (Routledge Revivals): A Philosophical Inquiry into Ambiguity, Vagueness and Methaphor in Language??(Routledge, 2010)
  • Ralf Poscher,?Ambiguity and Vagueness in Legal Interpretation?in?The Oxford Handbook of Language and Law, Lawrence Solan & Peter Tiersma, eds., Oxford University Press, 2012).

(This entry was last revised on October 7, 2011.)

Source: http://lsolum.typepad.com/legaltheory/2012/10/legal-theory-lexicon-vagueness-and-ambiguity.html

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